Biotechnology - Processes (rDNA Technology, PCR, Gel Electrophoresis)

Grade 12 Biology — Biotechnology - Processes (rDNA Technology, PCR, Gel Electrophoresis): 25 practice questions with instant scoring and explanations.

1. What is the primary purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
2. How many DNA copies are typically produced after 30 cycles of PCR?
3. What is the optimal temperature for the annealing step in PCR?
4. Which enzyme is essential for DNA synthesis in PCR?
5. What is the primary advantage of using Taq polymerase in PCR?
6. In gel electrophoresis, what determines the separation of DNA fragments?
7. Which agarose gel concentration is typically used for separating smaller DNA fragments?
8. What is the purpose of adding ethidium bromide to an agarose gel?
9. What does rDNA technology stand for?
10. What is the first step in the rDNA technology process?
11. What is a primer in PCR?
12. What is the denaturation step in PCR?
13. What is the extension step in PCR?
14. Why is horizontal gel electrophoresis commonly used for DNA analysis?
15. What is the significance of the loading dye in gel electrophoresis?
16. In rDNA technology, what is the purpose of transformation?
17. What is reverse transcription in molecular biology?
18. Which technique would be most suitable for detecting a specific viral RNA sequence?
19. What is a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?
20. How many thermal cycles are typically required to achieve significant DNA amplification in PCR?
21. What is the migration pattern of DNA in an electric field?
22. What is meant by 'annealing' in PCR terminology?
23. Which of the following can be directly amplified by standard PCR?
24. What is the function of the buffer solution in gel electrophoresis?
25. In rDNA technology, what does 'expression' of a gene mean?